The voices of youths in COVID-19 times: exploring young people's emotional representations.

Since the spread of the COVID-19 virus worldwide, the pandemic had psychological consequences for the entire population for various reasons including restrictions, isolation, and socioeconomic changes. Young people were particularly affected by these psychological consequences, which formed the focus of the mental health concerns voiced by the World Health Organization. This research aimed to analyze, first-hand, the primary emotions that COVID-19 evoked in young Spanish people after two years of the pandemic. Participants were recruited through a snowball sampling procedure using emails, virtual platforms of the schools, and social networks, and a google forms questionnaire was administered for data collection. A total of 479 Spanish young people (18-36 years) participated in this study. The questionnaire consisted of a free-association exercise based on the Grid Elaboration Method (GEM) to analyze the participants' emotional representations of COVID-19. In addition, lexical analysis was used to analyze the text corpus. As a result, it could be observed that sadness was the core emotion experienced among young people, followed by fear. Specifically, emotional breakdown, fear, fatigue, and anger figured centrally in their emotional representations. Moreover, the findings revealed new patterns of self- and onward blaming towards youths. It was concluded that results of this research provide important clues for managing the mental health of young people, particularly during future pandemics.

The emotional state of young people in northern Spain after one year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic

Background and objectives: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the young population has been suffering from an accumulation of psychological symptoms in northern Spain. The main objectives of this study were (1) to assess whether psychological symptoms persisted after one year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic in northern Spain sample of young people, and (2) to analyze whether pandemic-specific variables (having a chronic illness, living with a person who has a chronic illness, having been infected with COVID-19, having a close person who has died or believing that people are respecting the measures imposed) are related to psychological symptomatology.MethodsSymptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression were measured using the Depression and Stress Anxiety Scale-21 (DASS-21). An ad hoc online questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographical information related to chronic illnesses of the participants, living with a chronically ill person, contact with a person diagnosed with COVID-19, having people close to them who have died of COVID-19, and their perception of whether or not people respect the health measures.ResultsYoung people have suffered higher stress, anxiety, and depression levels than at the beginning of the pandemic.ConclusionsThe present study highlights the importance of addressing young people's mental health, and ensure that future adults emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic in a psychologically strong state. (AU)

Prevalence of Burnout among Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis.

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, many studies have found that there has been a lot of teacher overload. One of the additional burdens has been that they have had to teach online. In addition, when they returned to face-to-face classes, they had to follow all the hygiene rules so that the COVID-19 virus would not spread. It is therefore not surprising that, during this pandemic period, high levels of psychological symptoms have been reported among teachers. Among this symptomatology, burnout has been very frequent among teachers. Therefore, the aim of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis to determine the overall prevalence of burnout among teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, a search was conducted for cross-sectional studies listed in PubMed from 1 December 2019 to 14 February 2022 that reported on the prevalence of burnout among teachers. A total of nine studies from eight different countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and South America, were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of burnout among teachers was 52% (95% CI 33-71%), which is higher than burnout rates reported for health professionals. There was significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 99%, p-value < 0.001), and the prevalence of burnout was higher in women and school teachers (compared to university educators), and lower in American studies. This meta-analysis concludes that teachers worldwide experienced a high rate of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. This has implications not only for the teachers themselves, but also for the quality of the education they were able to provide. This education has an influence on the student population. The possible long-term effects are yet to be determined.

PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) in Teachers: A Mini Meta-Analysis during COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Since March 2020, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to stop the spread of the virus, unprecedented measures were taken worldwide. One of the most important measures was the closure of schools and educational centers around the world in 2020, and very extreme health protocols have been in place in educational centers since they were reopened. From early childhood education to universities, teachers first had to adapt in a short period time to online classes and then continuously readapt to new protocols according to the pandemic situation. This academic environment, in addition to the pandemic situation itself, has favored the emergence of mental disorders such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medline via PubMed and other databases were searched for studies on the prevalence of PTSD in teachers from 1 December 2019 to 1 October 2022. A total of five studies were included in this review. Our results show a prevalence of PTSD of 11% reported by teachers. No subgroups nor meta-regression analyses were performed due to the insufficient number of studies available. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that teachers are suffering from PTSD, so it is important to carry out more studies worldwide. Similarly, measures to improve the mental health and well-being of teachers during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods are needed.

Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale-Spanish (TABS-S) Version: Translation and Initial Evaluation of Psychometric Properties.

Although the field of transprejudice studies has been growing, the literature suggests a need for quality assessments in languages other than English. To address this need, our study translated the Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (TABS) and evaluated its psychometric properties for use with Spanish-speaking populations. We recruited participants (N = 605) from American and Spanish samples. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit, confirming the three-factor structure of TABS-Spanish Version (TABS-S). Correlations with existing measures provided evidence for its convergent and discriminant validity. Known-groups validity of the TABS-S was evidenced through confirming previous findings that females show less transgender prejudice than males. Moreover, the internal consistency of the TABS-S scores was high for the total scale (α = .96) and subscales (α = .87-.96). Overall, there is preliminary evidence to suggest that the TABS-S is a valid and reliable scale appropriate for use with Spanish-speaking populations.

The emotional state of young people in northern Spain after one year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background and objectives: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the young population has been suffering from an accumulation of psychological symptoms in northern Spain. The main objectives of this study were (1) to assess whether psychological symptoms persisted after one year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic in northern Spain sample of young people, and (2) to analyze whether pandemic-specific variables (having a chronic illness, living with a person who has a chronic illness, having been infected with COVID-19, having a close person who has died or believing that people are respecting the measures imposed) are related to psychological symptomatology. Methods: Symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression were measured using the Depression and Stress Anxiety Scale-21 (DASS-21). An ad hoc online questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographical information related to chronic illnesses of the participants, living with a chronically ill person, contact with a person diagnosed with COVID-19, having people close to them who have died of COVID-19, and their perception of whether or not people respect the health measures. Results: Young people have suffered higher stress, anxiety, and depression levels than at the beginning of the pandemic. Conclusions: The present study highlights the importance of addressing young people's mental health, and ensure that future adults emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic in a psychologically strong state.

[Quality of life and personality in older people university students.] / Calidad de vida y personalidad en las personas mayores que estudian en la universidad.

OBJECTIVE: Universities of the older population are centres of higher education where older people can acquire new knowledge, focusing on promoting the active participation of retired people. Participation in these universities enables learning and people who attend consider their health to be better because they are more active and motivated to learn, and have a positive self-image. This research aimed to explore on the one hand whether people attending this type of university have a good quality of life. On the other hand, what personality factors could be related to a good quality of life in these older adult students. METHODS: Quality of life was measured with the World Health Organization Quality of Lif-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire in 54 older university students in Spain. In addition, students' personality types were also assessed using Eysenck's Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised EPQ-R questionnaire. Finally, the relationship between the different dimensions of personality and quality of life was studied. The statistical analyses performed were, in addition to the mean and standard deviation, the T-test to compare independent means as well as Pearson's correlations to correlate the dimensions of extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism. RESULTS: This study showed that the University of the older population is an experience that is linked to a good quality of life with WHOQOL-BREF scores above 60. Also a high level of neuroticism and psychoticism are factors related to a poor quality of life (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: From this study we can conclude that students at the University for Older Adults have, on the one hand, a high level of satisfaction with their overall quality of life, their general health, their physical health status, their psychological health status, their social relationships and their environment. On the other hand, they have a specific personal profile that scores relatively low in neuroticism and within the average population in extraversion and psychoticism.

OBJETIVO: Las universidades de las personas mayores son centros de educación superior en los que dichas personas pueden adquirir nuevos conocimientos, promoviéndose así la participación activa de las personas retiradas. La participación en estas universidades permite el aprendizaje y las personas que acuden consideran que su salud es mejor porque son más activas y tienen la motivación de aprender, favoreciendo una imagen positiva de sí mismos. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar por un lado si las personas que asistían a este tipo de universidad presentaban una buena calidad de vida. Por otro lado, qué factores de personalidad podían estar relacionados con una buena calidad de vida en estos estudiantes. METODOS: La calidad de vida se midió con el cuestionario World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) en 54 estudiantes universitarios mayores de España. Además, también se evaluaron los tipos de personalidad de los estudiantes utilizando el cuestionario Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) de Eysenck. Finalmente, se estudió la relación entre las diferentes dimensiones de la personalidad y la calidad de vida. Los análisis estadísticos que se realizaron fueron la media y desviación estándar por un lado y la prueba T para comparar las medias independientes, además de las correlaciones de Pearson para correlacionar las dimensiones de la extraversión, el neuroticismo y el psicoticismo. RESULTADOS: Este estudio demostró que la Universidad de las personas mayores es una experiencia que está ligada a una buena calidad de vida, siendo las puntuaciones de WHOQOL-BREF superiores a 60. También un alto nivel de neuroticismo y psicoticismo son factores relacionados con una mala calidad de vida (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONES: De este estudio se puede concluir que los estudiantes de la Universidad para mayores tienen, por un lado, un alto nivel de satisfacción con su calidad de vida global, su salud general, su estado de salud física, su estado de salud psicológica, sus relaciones sociales y su entorno. Por otra parte, tienen un perfil personal específico que obtiene una puntuación relativamente baja en neuroticismo y dentro de la población media en extraversión y psicoticismo.

Calidad de vida y personalidaden las personas mayoresque estudian en la universidad / Quality of life and personality in older people university students

FUNDAMENTOS: Las universidades de las personas mayores son centros de educación superior en los que dichas personas pueden adquirir nuevos conocimientos, promoviéndose así la participación activa de las personas retiradas. La participación en estas universidades permite el aprendizaje y las personas que acuden consideran que su salud es mejor porque son más activas y tienen la motivación de aprender, favoreciendo una imagen positiva de sí mismos. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar por un lado si las personas que asistían a este tipo de universidad presentaban una buena calidad de vida. Por otro lado, qué factores de personalidad podían estar relacionados con una buena calidad de vida en estos estudiantes. MÉTODOS: La calidad de vida se midió con el cuestionario World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) en 54 estudiantes universitarios mayores de España. Además, también se evaluaron los tipos de personalidad de los estudiantes utilizando el cuestionario Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) de Eysenck. Finalmente, se estudió la relación entre las diferentes dimensiones de la personalidad y la calidad de vida. Los análisis estadísticos que se realizaron fueron la media y desviación estándar por un lado y la prueba T para comparar las medias independientes, además de las correlaciones de Pearson para correlacionar las dimensiones de la extraversión, el neuroticismo y el psicoticismo. RESULTADOS: Este estudio demostró que la Universidad de las personas mayores es una experiencia que está ligada a una buena calidad de vida, siendo las puntuaciones de WHOQOL-BREF superiores a 60. También un alto nivel de neuroticismo y psicoticismo son factores relacionados con una mala calidad de vida (p<0,05).(AU)

BACKGROUND: Universities of the older population are centres of higher education where older people can acquire new knowledge, focusing on promoting the active participation of retired people. Participation in these universities enables learning and people who attend consider their health to be better because they are more active and motivated to learn, and have a positive self-image. This research aimed to explore on the one hand whether people attending this type of university have a good quality of life. On the other hand, what personality factors could be related to a good quality of life in these older adult students. METHODS: Quality of life was measured with the World Health Organization Quality of Lif-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire in 54 older university students in Spain. In addition, students’ personality types were also assessed using Eysenck’s Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised EPQ-R questionnaire. Finally, the relationship between the different dimensions of personality and quality of life was studied. The statistical analyses performed were, in addition to the mean and standard deviation, the T-test to compare independent means as well as Pearson’s correlations to correlate the dimensions of extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism. RESULTS: This study showed that the University of the older population is an experience that is linked to a good quality of life with WHOQOL-BREF scores above 60. Also a high level of neuroticism and psychoticism are factors related to a poor quality of life (p<0.05).(AU)

Reducción del estigma hacia el trastorno mental en estudiantes de educación social a través de estudios de casos y aprendizaje basado en problemas / Reduction of stigma towards mental disorder in social education students through case studies and problem-based learning

Los trastornos mentales son una de las condiciones más estigmatizadas ennuestra sociedad, lo que supone un obstáculo para la recuperación de estaspersonas. Sin embargo, las actitudes estigmatizantes pueden cambiar, y laeducación y la experiencia personal con personas que tienen un trastorno mentalpueden reducir las actitudes estigmatizantes. El presente estudio evaluó el estigmade 111 estudiantes de educación social hacia las personas con trastornos mentalesy los conocimientos sobre los trastornos mentales antes y después de unaintervención educativa que incluía estudios de casos activos y metodologías deaprendizaje basado en problemas. Se utilizaron autoinformes para medir lasactitudes hacia el trastorno mental y conocimientos sobre salud mental. Lasactitudes negativas hacia los trastornos mentales se redujeron y los conocimientosaumentaron tras la intervención (p< 0,05). Estos resultados demuestran la eficaciade este tipo de intervenciones educativas activas en la reducción del estigma hacialas personas con trastornos mentales. Sin embargo, es importante seguir realizandoestudios de este tipo para aumentar las pruebas científicas

Mental disorders are one of the most stigmatized conditions in our society,which is a barrier to recovery for these individuals. However, stigmatizing attitudescan change, and education and personal experience with people who have amental disorder can reduce stigmatizing attitudes. The present study assessed 111social education students' stigma toward people with mental disorders andknowledge about mental disorders before and after an educational interventioninvolving active case studies and problem-based learning methodologies. Selfreports were used to measure attitudes toward mental disorder and knowledgeabout mental health. Negative attitudes towards mental disorders were reducedand knowledge increased after the intervention (p< .05). These results demonstratethe effectiveness of this type of active educational interventions in reducing stigma towards people with mental disorders. However, it is important to continueconducting studies of this type to increase the scientific evidence. (AU)

Analyzing University Students' Perceptions Regarding Mainstream Pornography and Its Link to SDG5.

BACKGROUND: Violence against women and girls continues to be a widespread problem, and its elimination is one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goal 5 toward achieving gender equality. One of the main causes of this violence is the structural sexism present in societies that continues to be perpetuated through pornography, especially among young people. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to analyze the consumption of pornography among young people, studying its effects and relationship with affective-sexual education. METHODS: This study was carried out with a sample of 280 students in the north of Spain. The ages of the entire sample ranged from 18 to 37 years (M = 20.3, SD = 2.6). From the sample, 78.9% (n = 221) define their gender identity as women and 21.1% (n = 59) define their gender identity as men; no person within this research self-identify as non-binary. The instrument used was the Survey on Affective-sexual Education and Pornography (Ballester et al., 2019). The sample was recruited by snowball sampling. RESULTS: The results of the present study show that the average age at which people start watching pornography is 10.4 years. The majority of young people consume it to satisfy their curiosity. In addition, with regard to gender, boys consume more pornography, especially for masturbation. Finally, 20.5% of the participants believe that the sexual education they have received has not been adequate, and most of them solve their sexual doubts by asking friends. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that it is necessary to improve the affective-sexual education provided in schools, since students consume pornography at a very early age, and young people have normalized its consumption to address their curiosity and satisfy their sexual needs. Finally, the impact of pornography consumption on SDG5 was reflected on.

Factors Influencing Compliance with COVID-19 Health Measures: A Spanish Study to Improve Adherence Campaigns.

Since the spread of the COVID-19 virus was declared a pandemic, different measures have been taken to control it, including frequent hand-washing, the use of face masks and social distancing. Given the importance of these measures, the present study aims to assess compliance with them in a Spanish sample of 722 people aged between 18 and 65 years. It also aims to determine which factors influence the levels of compliance observed. Participants complied more with the rules in the public spaces. The younger group had lower levels of compliance than the older group. No differences were found in accordance with sex. It was shown that overall, the agents that most influenced compliance were family, testimonials and friends and fines. Some differences were observed in relation to age, and significant sex differences were found in some of these factors, with women scoring higher than men. The results are discussed in terms of their usefulness for the design of information campaigns that seek to foster a greater degree of engagement by the entire population and, ultimately, greater control of the pandemic, in addition to serving as a basis for the early prevention of the spread of new viruses in the future.

Drawing the COVID-19 pandemic: how do children incorporate the health crisis and its consequences into their everyday thinking?

OBJECTIVE: The general objective of this research was to explore how children understand and represent COVID-19 health crisis in their everyday thinking. DESIGN: This research is based on a qualitative interpretive research methodology that uses 6-12 years children's drawings from San Sebastian (Basque Country, northern of Spain) to collect data. This technique allows children to visualize how they face this situation through a tool that promotes expression of their feelings and representations. RESULTS: A total of 345 drawings were collected, and 949 elements related to the different coded categories were coded. The themes that have arisen were related to symbols of the pandemic (n = 307, 32.34%), emotions (n = 290, 30.55%), actions carried out (n = 258, 27.18%) and socialization (n = 94, 9.90%). No differences by age-range were found. CONCLUSIONS: Children have a realistic representation of the COVID-19 virus and its consequences, which closely resembles the representation shown by the media and society. The children show a good understanding of the new measures and social rules associated with the pandemic. They are also very aware of the need to support their emotions by different spheres (family, educational and social context). Alternative play activities and art-based education must be promoted, avoiding the abuse of screens to reinforce their well-being.

Emotional State of Mexican University Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Since the WHO declared the COVID-19 crisis a pandemic in March 2020, the young population is suffering from a range of psychological symptoms. The present study measured symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression in university students of Saltillo, Mexico, using the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). METHODS: The DASS-21 scale and an ad hoc questionnaire were used to collect sociodemographic information. RESULTS: The results show that the students who participated in this study suffer from high levels of stress, anxiety and depression. In terms of sociodemographic variables, women, people suffering from a chronic disease and people living with a chronic disease had the highest levels of stress, anxiety and depression, and people who live with a chronically ill person, people who have had the COVID-19 disease and those who have had someone close to them fall sick have had more stress, anxiety and depression than the rest. Another finding of the present study is that university students who believe that others comply with COVID-19 safety measures have significantly lower anxiety and depression than those who believe that others do not comply. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that university students are a psychologically vulnerable group in the face of the pandemic.

Coping with COVID-19: social representations underlying blaming processes and fear.

Objective. This study examines how people socially represent the COVID-19 pandemic in the early stage of the health crisis in Europe. Specifically, this research analyses the days before and immediately after the declaration of the state of emergency in Spain, which resulted in the entire population being placed in lockdown. Design. For this purpose, we used the Grid Elaboration Method for free association elicited by the word "coronavirus". This exercise was completed by 1037 people from Spain. Main Outcome Measures. Responses were analysed using Iramuteq software for lexical analysis. Results. Before the state of emergency and lockdown, there was a repeat of many of the emotional and cognitive patterns seen in previous pandemics such us upward and downward blaming or feelings of anger and emotional fatigue. However, outward blaming patterns towards peers also emerged. Moreover, in the period following lockdown, we noted the emergence of new representations and emotions such as paralyzing distrust or resilience. Similarity analysis revealed that the "fear of pandemic" hides a wide variety of emotions. Conclusion. Understanding the blaming and fear processes that are linked to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain offers us practical implications for coping with the challenge of this new crisis.

Meta-Analysis of Prevalence of Depression in Dental Students during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the mental health of the population in general, and in college students in particular. Dental students have seen their teaching altered and their clinical practice reduced. This study was aimed at conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting levels of depression among dental students during the COVID-19 and estimating the pooled prevalence of depression. Materials and Methods: Medline via PubMed and other databases were searched for studies on the prevalence of depression in dental undergraduates, published from 1 December 2019 to 1 September 2021. The pooled proportions of depression were calculated with random effects models. Results: We identified 13 studies from 9 countries. The pooled prevalence of depression in dental students was 37% (95% CI: 26-49%) with no variation due to gender, response rate or methodological quality. We only found a significantly higher prevalence of depression in studies from Asia compared to Europe and America. Conclusions: Our results suggest that dental students are suffering from higher levels of depression compared with the general population or other college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, with differences across regions. Measures to improve mental health and wellbeing of dental students during the pandemic are needed.

Prevalence of depression among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background: Medical students frequently have depressive symptoms. Thus, the psychological impact of COVID-19 on them should be high. Aim: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of depression in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting the prevalence of depression in medical students, published from December 1, 2019 to December 27, 2020. Results: Eleven studies were included, most of them from Asia. The estimated overall prevalence of depression in medical students was 31% (95% CI: 23%-40%), with lower prevalence rates reported in studies from Asia in general, and China in particular. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the proportion of medical students with depression during the pandemic was high, and comparable with that reported in other university students.

Antecedentes: Los estudiantes de medicina muestran altos niveles de síntomas depresivos. Por lo tanto, se espera que el impacto psicológico de COVID-19 en ellos sea alto. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática y metanálisis de la prevalencia de depresión en estudiantes de medicina durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas en MEDLINE a través de PubMed, Embase y Web of Science para obtener estudios que informaran sobre la prevalencia de la depresión en estudiantes de medicina, publicados del 1 de diciembre de 2019 al 27 de diciembre de 2020. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 estudios, la mayoría de Asia. La prevalencia general estimada de depresión en estudiantes de medicina fue del 31% (IC del 95%: 23% - 40%), con tasas de prevalencia más bajas informadas en estudios de Asia en general y China en particular. Conclusiones: Nuestros hallazgos indican que la proporción de estudiantes de medicina con depresión durante la pandemia es considerablemente alta y comparable con la informada en otros estudiantes universitarios.

Prevalence of Anxiety in Dental Students during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the psychological state of university students has been a cause for concern. In particular, odontology students have experienced symptoms of anxiety due to the closure of universities and the suspension of clinical training. METHODS: Medline via PubMed was searched for studies on the prevalence of anxiety in dental undergraduates, published from 1 December 2019 to 1 August 2021. RESULTS: A total of fifteen studies were included in this review. Our results show a prevalence of anxiety of 35% reported by dental students, which was independent of gender, response rate or methodological quality. The only significant finding was a lower prevalence of anxiety in studies located in Europe compared to those located in other continents. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest dental students are experiencing significant levels of anxiety during this COVID-19 pandemic and that there seem to be differences between students from different regions of the world. Therefore, it is important to help dental students psychologically as the pandemic situation continues.

Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress among Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers have been accumulating adverse psychological symptoms due to the closure of educational centers and the need to adapt to different teaching modalities. METHODS: Medline and PubMed were searched for studies on the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and burn-out in teachers, published from 1 December 2019 to 15 June 2021. RESULTS: In total, eight studies were included in this study. The results show that teachers report levels of anxiety (17%), depression (19%), and stress (30%). In Asia, there has been more anxiety compared to other continents. Overall, anxiety has been higher among teachers in schools compared to universities. However, stress levels have been higher among teachers in universities compared to schools. Statistically, there were no significant differences regarding gender and age in any of the symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that teachers at different educational levels are experiencing adverse psychological symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic, and that anxiety levels vary between different countries. However, more international studies are needed to fully understand the impact of the pandemic on teachers' mental health.

Well-Being of Adolescents in De-Escalation Situation: Physical, Emotional, Social, and Academic Impact.

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the world we knew in recent months. In the interest of maintaining social distance, lockdown periods have been established and schools in many countries have closed their doors. In this context, the objective of this research was to analyze the well-being of adolescents in Spain after lock-down and during the de-escalation process in a holistic way; taking into account their indicators on physical, emotional, social, and academic levels. The "Well-being of Children in Lockdown" (WCL) scale was used to measure the well-being of adolescents using these same parameters. The results point out that the general well-being of adolescents in the pandemic situation was situated at an intermediate level. Taking into account the different aspects measured within the general well-being, the domains that obtained the lowest scores were the domains of addictions and playful and creative activities. Intermediate scores were also obtained in the physical activity, emotional and academic domains, with the routine and academic domains having the highest scores. Boys and younger adolescents are those who show higher scores in the general well-being. Moreover, correlations appear between academic task stress and emotions, playful and creative activities, addictions, physical activity, routine, academic and overall well-being.